Introduction: Sexual stimulants are preparations used for increasing pleasure during sexual intercourse. The study sought to determine the use and effect of such preparations on women of reproductive age group in Kano, northern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A self administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from 500 women to determine if they use sexual stimulants and the effects of the drugs on them (if any). Results: There were 423 women that responded. Majority 228 (53.9%) of them use sexual stimulants. Most (47.4%) of them were between the ages of 21 and 30 years, married (85.5%), multiparous (46.9%), and attained tertiary education (58.3%). About 39.9% of the respondents benefited from increased sexual pleasure and satisfaction, 20.2% obtained extra favors from their husbands while 29.9% did not benefit anything from the preparations. About 37.3% developed complications, which included coital laceration (5.9%), copious vaginal discharge (16.5%), vulval itching and rashes (17.5%), lower abdominal pains (14.1%), painful intercourse (16.5%), vaginal dryness (13.0%), and irregular menses (5.9%). Conclusion: A large number of women use sexual stimulants mainly sold by traditional healers. There is need for setting up more orthodox care for sexual dysfunction. There is need for more community health education on female sexual dysfunction.

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Abdominal pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. It is associated with an increase in maternal morbidity and mortality, as well as perinatal mortality rate of up to 85%-95%. A case of abdominal pregnancy in an unbooked primigravida who presented in the third trimester and was successfully managed is hereby described. She came with weight loss and jaundice. The fetus was alive and she was managed conservatively till a laparotomy was eventually performed. The outcome was good for mother and baby.

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Schwannomas are benign tumors of nerve cells and are particularly quite rare in the hypopharynx. To our knowledge only nine cases have been reported world-wide. We present a 27-year-old Hausa/Fulani housewife who developed slowly progressive and unremitting hoarseness and foreign body sensation in the throat. She had indirect laryngoscopy at presentation with subsequent examination under anesthesia, which revealed a soft ovoid pinkish swelling arising from the posterior pharyngeal wall in the hypopharynx. After a preliminary tracheotomy, the mass was mobilized and delivered trans-orally. She made an uneventful recovery and was discharged home. This uncommon presentation further emphasizes the dilemma of access and approach posed by hypopharyngeal masses.

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Background: Rate-pressure product is a determinant of cardiovascular risk in patient with hypertension and one of the major predictors of myocardial oxygen consumption. Aim: The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of interval training program on rate-pressure product in subjects with hypertension. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-five male patients of essential hypertension with mild to moderate systolic blood pressure between 140 and 179 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure between 90 and 109 mmHg were age-matched and grouped into interval group ( n = 140) and control group ( n = 105). The interval (work:rest ratio of 1:1) group was involved in an 8-week interval training program of between 45 and 60 min at intensities of 60-79% of the maximum heart rate, while the control group remained sedentary during this period. Blood pressure, maximum volume of oxygen consumed (VO ₂ max), and rate-pressure product were assessed. Results: Findings of the study revealed significant effect of exercise training program on rate-pressure product and VO ₂ max. The correlation of rate-pressure product with systolic blood pressure was much stronger (87% variance) at P < 0.05. Conclusion: It was concluded that moderate intensity interval training program is an effective means of lowering myocardial oxygen consumption and an adjunct non-pharmacological management of essential hypertension.

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Context: Janani Suraksha Yojna (JSY), a conditional cash transfer scheme aims to encourage women to deliver their babies in medical facilities. Aims: To study the utilization of financial assistance under JSY. Settings: Rural areas of Haryana. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: Mothers who delivered within last 12 months (January to December 2010) and were entitled for benefits under JSY. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two districts of Haryana. One district each was selected randomly from amongst high and low performing districts, depending upon rate of institutional deliveries. A total of 48 sub-centers were selected by multistage random sampling. Out of the 1476 enlisted JSY beneficiaries, 1386 mothers were interviewed by house-to-house visits, after getting informed consent. Data were collected on a pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire, and analyzed using the SPSS (version 17.0). Results: About 14% ( n = 189) mothers had not received the financial assistance until the time of interview. Only 7.6% mothers got the financial assistance within 1 month after delivery. In nearly half (48.8%) study subjects, financial assistance was delayed beyond 3 months after delivery. More than half (52.7%) got the JSY assistance in cash and 34.8% by check. The incentive was not properly utilized as it was given to the family pool (70.2%) or put in savings account (5%). Only in about one-fifth of mothers, it was used for mother's care (I7.8%) and child care (5.8%). Conclusion: JSY is an ambitious scheme serving as a safe motherhood intervention under the National Rural Health Mission. It has been reasonably successful in promoting institutional deliveries, but the discrepancy in payment of funds was found in home deliveries as well as institutional deliveries. Therefore, the program managers should make the monitoring system for disbursement of funds more effective.

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Choledochocele is an uncommon malformation of the external billiary ducts that usually presents early in life. However, these are increasingly diagnosed in the adult population. This patient presented was a 27-year-old male with upper abdominal symptoms first diagnosed on ultrasonography. The value of ultrasound in both diagnosis, detection of complications, and management is highlighted in the review.

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Background: Current trauma management advocates inclusion of a measure of severity of the injury during evaluation. Aims: To evaluate the validity of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) in assessment of trauma patients in accident and emergency unit of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty-two consecutive patients 18 years and above with injuries were recruited for the study. Written informed consent was obtained from each of the patients or their relations if unconscious. Each patient was registered according to the guidelines of International Categorization of External Causes of Injuries. The severity of injury was calculated using the RTS and the patients were followed-up, and their condition at discharge was documented. Results: Two hundred and fifty-two patients above the age of 18 years were studied. Mean age of patients' was 32.9 years with the oldest being 72 years. There were 192 male and 60 female with a male to female ratio of 3.2:1. Most of the injuries were following road traffic accidents. Among the patients with minor injuries from the RTS, 71% made full recovery, 25% were handicapped, and 4% died, while 22% of the patients with severe injuries made full recovery, 11% were handicapped, and 67% died. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant relationship between the RTS and outcome (P < 0.05) from the study, and the RTS could be used as a standard physiological trauma scoring system in prediction of outcome in our trauma population.

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